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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>Gentoo Python Guide — Gentoo Python Guide documentation</title>
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<section id="gentoo-python-guide">
<h1>Gentoo Python Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#gentoo-python-guide" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<dl class="field-list simple">
<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-odd"><p>Michał Górny</p>
</dd>
<dt class="field-even">License<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
<dd class="field-even"><p><a class="reference external" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a></p>
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<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Contents:</span></p>
<ul>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="preface.html">Preface</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html">Python interpreters</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#versions-of-python">Versions of Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#life-cycle-of-a-python-implementation">Life cycle of a Python implementation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#stability-guarantees-of-python-implementations">Stability guarantees of Python implementations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#alternative-python-implementations">Alternative Python implementations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#support-for-multiple-implementations">Support for multiple implementations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="interpreter.html#backports">Backports</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="eclass.html">Choosing between Python eclasses</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="eclass.html#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="eclass.html#build-time-vs-runtime-use">Build time vs runtime use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="eclass.html#single-impl-vs-multi-impl">Single-impl vs multi-impl</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="eclass.html#python-first-packages-distutils-r1-eclass">Python-first packages (distutils-r1 eclass)</a></li>
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</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="basic.html">Common basics</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="basic.html#python-compat">PYTHON_COMPAT</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="basic.html#python-deps-and-python-required-use">PYTHON_DEPS and PYTHON_REQUIRED_USE</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="basic.html#python-environment">Python environment</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="basic.html#dependencies-in-python-packages">Dependencies in Python packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html">python-any-r1 — build-time dependency</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html#basic-use-for-unconditional-python">Basic use for unconditional Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html#conditional-python-use">Conditional Python use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html#additional-conditional-dependencies">Additional conditional dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="any.html#multiple-sets-of-conditional-dependencies">Multiple sets of conditional dependencies</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html">python-single-r1 — single-impl packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#basic-use-for-unconditional-python">Basic use for unconditional Python</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#conditional-python-use">Conditional Python use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#a-hybrid-build-time-conditional-runtime">A hybrid: build-time + conditional runtime</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#multiple-use-conditions">Multiple USE conditions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="single.html#manual-install">Manual install</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html">python-r1 — multi-impl packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html#manual-install">Manual install</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html#pure-python-autotools-package">Pure Python autotools package</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html#conditional-python-use">Conditional Python use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="multi.html#additional-build-time-python-use">Additional build-time Python use</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html">distutils-r1 — standard Python build systems</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#the-pep-517-and-legacy-modes">The PEP 517 and legacy modes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#basic-use-pep-517-mode">Basic use (PEP 517 mode)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#source-archives">Source archives</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#dependencies">Dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#python-single-r1-variant">python-single-r1 variant</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#pep-517-build-systems">PEP 517 build systems</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#setuptools-scm-flit-scm-hatch-vcs-pdm-backend-and-snapshots">setuptools_scm (flit_scm, hatch-vcs, pdm-backend) and snapshots</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#packages-installing-extensions-c-rust">Packages installing extensions (C, Rust…)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#packages-using-cython">Packages using Cython</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#parallel-build-race-conditions">Parallel build race conditions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#sub-phase-functions">Sub-phase functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#passing-arguments-to-setup-py">Passing arguments to setup.py</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#calling-custom-setup-py-commands">Calling custom setup.py commands</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#enabling-tests">Enabling tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#building-documentation-via-sphinx">Building documentation via Sphinx</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#packages-with-optional-python-build-system-usage">Packages with optional Python build system usage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#packages-with-rust-extensions-using-cargo">Packages with Rust extensions (using Cargo)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils.html#installing-packages-without-a-pep-517-build-backend">Installing packages without a PEP 517 build backend</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html">Tests in Python packages</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#why-is-running-tests-important">Why is running tests important?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#using-distutils-enable-tests">Using distutils_enable_tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#choosing-the-correct-test-runner">Choosing the correct test runner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#import-checking-packages-with-no-working-tests">Import-checking packages with no working tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#undesirable-test-dependencies">Undesirable test dependencies</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#missing-test-files-in-pypi-packages">Missing test files in PyPI packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#importerrors-for-c-extensions">ImportErrors for C extensions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#checklist-for-dealing-with-test-failures">Checklist for dealing with test failures</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#skipping-problematic-tests">Skipping problematic tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#tests-requiring-internet-access">Tests requiring Internet access</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#tests-aborting-due-to-assertions">Tests aborting (due to assertions)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="test.html#installing-extra-dependencies-in-test-environment-pep-517-mode">Installing extra dependencies in test environment (PEP 517 mode)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils-legacy.html">distutils-r1 legacy concepts</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils-legacy.html#different-build-system-variations">Different build system variations</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils-legacy.html#in-source-vs-out-of-source-builds">In-source vs out-of-source builds</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="distutils-legacy.html#installing-the-package-before-testing">Installing the package before testing</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html">pypi — helper eclass for PyPI archives</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html#pypi-urls">PyPI URLs</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html#packages-with-matching-name-and-version">Packages with matching name and version</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html#package-with-a-different-name">Package with a different name</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html#customizing-the-generated-url">Customizing the generated URL</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pypi.html#fetching-wheels">Fetching wheels</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="helper.html">Common helper functions</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helper.html#install-helpers">Install helpers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helper.html#fixing-shebangs-on-installed-scripts">Fixing shebangs on installed scripts</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helper.html#byte-compiling-python-modules">Byte-compiling Python modules</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="helper.html#querying-the-implementation-information">Querying the implementation information</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="depend.html">Advanced dependencies</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="depend.html#requesting-use-flags-on-the-python-interpreter">Requesting USE flags on the Python interpreter</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="depend.html#dependencies-conditional-to-python-version">Dependencies conditional to Python version</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="depend.html#dependencies-on-cffi-and-greenlet">Dependencies on CFFI and greenlet</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="depend.html#optional-test-suite-dependencies-on-rust-packages">Optional test suite dependencies on Rust packages</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html">pytest recipes</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#skipping-tests-based-on-markers">Skipping tests based on markers</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#skipping-tests-based-on-paths-names">Skipping tests based on paths/names</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#avoiding-the-dependency-on-pytest-runner">Avoiding the dependency on pytest-runner</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#disabling-plugin-autoloading">Disabling plugin autoloading</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#using-pytest-xdist-to-run-tests-in-parallel">Using pytest-xdist to run tests in parallel</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#dealing-with-flaky-tests">Dealing with flaky tests</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#using-pytest-timeout-to-prevent-deadlocks-hangs">Using pytest-timeout to prevent deadlocks (hangs)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#avoiding-dependencies-on-other-pytest-plugins">Avoiding dependencies on other pytest plugins</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#typeerror-make-test-flaky-got-an-unexpected-keyword-argument-reruns">TypeError: _make_test_flaky() got an unexpected keyword argument ‘reruns’</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#importpathmismatcherror">ImportPathMismatchError</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#failures-due-to-missing-files-in-temporary-directories">Failures due to missing files in temporary directories</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#fixture-not-found">fixture ‘…’ not found</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pytest.html#warnings-and-pytest-raises">Warnings and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pytest.raises()</span></code></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="concept.html">Advanced concepts</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="concept.html#namespace-packages">Namespace packages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="expert-multi.html">Expert python-r1 usage</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="expert-multi.html#partially-restricting-python-implementation">Partially restricting Python implementation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="expert-multi.html#restricting-interpreters-for-python-setup">Restricting interpreters for python_setup</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="expert-multi.html#disjoint-build-dependencies-any-r1-api">Disjoint build dependencies (any-r1 API)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="expert-multi.html#combining-any-r1-api-with-implementation-restrictions">Combining any-r1 API with implementation restrictions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="buildsys.html">Integration with build systems written in Python</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buildsys.html#meson">Meson</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buildsys.html#scons">SCons</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="buildsys.html#waf">waf</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html">Porting tips</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#retroactive-changes">Retroactive changes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#python-3-12">Python 3.12</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#python-3-11">Python 3.11</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#python-3-10">Python 3.10</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#python-3-9">Python 3.9</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#python-3-8">Python 3.8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="porting.html#replacing-the-toml-package">Replacing the toml package</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html">Migration guides</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html#migrating-from-old-python-usedep-syntax-in-python-single-r1">Migrating from old PYTHON_USEDEP syntax in python-single-r1</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html#migrating-from-eapi-7-to-eapi-8">Migrating from EAPI 7 to EAPI 8</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="migration.html#migrating-to-pep-517-builds">Migrating to PEP 517 builds</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="qawarn.html">QA checks and warnings</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="qawarn.html#improved-qa-warning-reporting-in-portage">Improved QA warning reporting in Portage</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="qawarn.html#compiled-bytecode-related-warnings">Compiled bytecode-related warnings</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="qawarn.html#stray-top-level-files-in-site-packages">Stray top-level files in site-packages</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="qawarn.html#deprecated-pep-517-backends">Deprecated PEP 517 backends</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="package-maintenance.html">Python package maintenance</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="package-maintenance.html#package-name-policy">Package name policy</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="package-maintenance.html#support-for-python-2">Support for Python 2</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="package-maintenance.html#which-implementations-to-test-new-packages-for">Which implementations to test new packages for?</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="package-maintenance.html#adding-new-python-implementations-to-existing-packages">Adding new Python implementations to existing packages</a></li>
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